Found inside – Page 58However , to date , these types of driving style approaches to individual differences do not appear to have been put to the test , either ... Such research may even result in a surrogate measure for countermeasure evaluation of greater precision , reliability and ... Research paradigms include in - car observation and out - of - car observation ; the latter includes both obtrusive and unobtrusive measurement . Found inside – Page 150Yearbook for inter-American musical research. ... I did not always have an unobtrusive tape recorder , for in the first few years I used a 110 - volt tape recorder powered by a generator ... Other recording was accomplished on a less - obtrusive Germanmade transistorized battery recorder or with the advantages of electricity . Found inside – Page 83The results of this study indicate no appreciable effect on average driving speed , at all measurement sections these are ... made between the employment of moving police vehicles , both obtrusive and unobtrusive ; of motorcycle units and of a ... Found inside – Page 283... Therapy and Research Centre 157–8 Leung, K. 85 life satisfaction 22–3, ... obtrusive /unobtrusive 142–3; studies 55 observers: behaviour 142–4, 149; ... Found inside – Page 256The dif - ferences between the two groups were significant for both social responsibility and social class . ... A negative mean difference on the Hollingshead Index of Social Position also indicates that the members of the high environmental responsibility ... The TradiThe inclusion in this research design of actual homemaker subjects and multiple unobtrusive , as well as obtrusive dependent measures ... Found inside – Page 85If you have ever tried to take pictures in a close - knit religious community in which you are regarded as an unwelcome ... Heider , again , points out how the problem of being unobtrusive is more difficult for the filmmaker or photographer than the ethnographer taking notes . ... is far more obtrusive than a single ethnographer poking about , notebook in hand , making observations and interviewing people . Found inside – Page 91Obtrusive Simulations The experiment is a classic example of this type. ... For example, the Milgram study of obedience has been repeated in several ... Found inside – Page 8Advances in Theory and Research Jennings Bryant, Mary Beth Oliver ... Scheufele (2000) theorized a distinct difference between agenda setting and framing on ... Found inside – Page 164Here a distinction is made by the head of NBD between “obtrusive power” and “unobtrusive power”. The former (which is equivalent to “force”) induces ... Found inside – Page 410Included in the Sourcebook are a number of case study assessments along with descriptions of specific assessment techniques such as obtrusive and unobtrusive forms of surveying and observation . This volume describes ... Comparison to bias ply tires is made , and brand names are discussed . ( This updated ... Found inside – Page 291For advanced independent study by an individual student or for study on an experimental basis with a group of students in a ... Topics include research design , unobtrusive and obtrusive data - collecting tools , the processing of qualitative and ... Found inside – Page 35Probably the most rigorously controlled and comprehensive study of the effectiveness of DUI education and alcohol ... Moreover , the effective treatments tended to be the less traditional and less obtrusive forms . ... Together , these results suggest that relatively unobtrusive and inexpensive forms of alcohol intervention are as effective , if not more ... This conclusion is consistent with the views expressed in a recent literature review by Mann , Leigh , Vingilis , and DeGenova ( 1983 ) . Found inside – Page 183They have little or no experience of unobtrusive issues and will rely more on media information and interpretation , Media influence is thus variable , greater for unobtrusive than for obtrusive issues . ... 12 A more recent example of agenda - setting is a study of the correspondence between media coverage of the 1991 Gulf War and survey responses “ about ” the most important problem facing the country ... Found inside – Page 23Thus , in the final section of the type scales and procedures such as those de paper I will offer some alternative ideas to scribed by Lawton for this ... ( 1 ) Morale - type scales involve obtrusive The most important mission of this paper measurement procedures in contrast to the is to urge researchers and practitioners to unobtrusive and non - reactive measurement consider a wider range of concepts and ... Found inside – Page 90The ethnosurvey “ questionnaire ” is a compromise instrument that balances the goal of unobtrusive measurement with the need for ... In a schedule currently in use in a new study of Mexico - U . S . migration , there are 18 such tables . Found inside – Page 177For example , in the 1983 Biennial Survey , the GPO experimented with the use of conducting a study of selected activities based on a ... the utility of the survey by use Additional designs to be considered include , for instance , unobtrusive and obtrusive testing . ... The GPO , then , would simply provide analyses of those data elements for that particular library and not compare them to other libraries . Found inside – Page 51A Report to the Assembly General Research Committee, California Legislature California. Legislature. ... The most obvious items are embodied in the intrusion of an industrial operation into nonindustrial land areas . ... Once drilled and in production , the geothermal well can be made unobtrusive and hopefully will offer no severe environmental problems . However , the ... Such pipes can be obtrusive . Found inside – Page 6This has the further advantage of enabling a distinction to be drawn between sign posting on or relating to the ... Pass , where we have observed that it tells well against various landscape backgrounds without being unduly obtrusive . 24. The backs of the signs , on the other hand , should naturally be as unobtrusive as possible . ... We have had two demonstrations , arranged by the Road Research Laboratory , of floodlighting of large signs and were able to compare the legibility of ... Found inside – Page 22One major problem arises when using the obtrusive / unobtrusive dichotomy . ... Summary and the Present Study In all , as it may quite clear now , support from key studies of media agenda - setting in the last decade is mixed , depending on ... Found inside – Page 19the instrument of this study and was completed by 775 respondents ( 424 = CSU , 351 = OU ) . Chi - square and the t - tests were used to determine significant differences between communication behaviors of students on ... Both unobtrusive and obtrusive exposures to commercials were used as the experimental variables . Found inside – Page 152in social media and place themselves in the shoes of the participants in ... whether or how much the research is overt, □ covert, obtrusive, unobtrusive, ... Found inside – Page 25Compared to unobtrusive issues , people pay more attention to news content about obtrusive issues ( Erbring , Goldenberg ... The research findings are seemingly preposterous in the context of news media impacts but 18 Individuals ' needs ... Found inside – Page 26Unobtrusive Evaluations of Reference Services Unobtrusive research has been conducted in many disciplines in order to gather ... Webb et al . have described these methods in the social sciences , referring to them as " nonreactive measures . ... 24 Thomas Childers , The Effectiveness of Information Services in Unobtrusive Evaluations of Reference Services Obtrusive Evaluations of Reference Services. Found inside – Page 197... should help convey the value of multiple criteria and the application of a simple research design to training evaluation . ... unobtrusive , behavior - oriented Close , objective , criterionreferenced , unobtrusive or obtrusive depending on how it ... Found inside – Page 70The comparisons reflect the levels of trust that developed between participants and researchers , that in turn led to a ... Differences are evident in the facial expressions , the presence of or absence of eye contact and posing of the body , and ... Found inside – Page 34Many of these are associated with the research model of Santiago and Enriquez (1976/1982), which is comprised of two “scales:” Iskala ng ... The researcher scale represents a continuum varying from relatively unobtrusive observational methods at one end, to more obtrusive, ... In the middle of the continuum are somewhat more obtrusive methods like pagtatanung-tanong (unstructured, informal, ... Found inside – Page 156... obtrusive, unobtrusive, numerical or qualitative. ... moreover, are not geared to measuring real time developments in the digital world. Found inside – Page 133In a large study to measure the retail sales of apples , data were collected by both direct observation of sales and by ... the observation is made is natural or contrived , ( 2 ) whether the observation is obtrusive or unobtrusive , ( 3 ) whether the ... Found inside – Page 302Finally, we would arrange for at least one observer to conduct the observations in a relatively unobtrusive manner. Unobtrusive versus Obtrusive Observation ... Found inside – Page 70Use of the waist - mounted television was somewhat reminiscent of a camera with a waist - level viewfinder ( e.g. the old Brownie ... Table 1 provides a comparison of my generation - 1 and generation - 2 wearable computers together with present and ... giving rise to a number of independent wearable computing research efforts appearing simultaneously in the early ... yet be at least as small and unobtrusive as the generation of off - the - shelf solutions built around the Private Eye . Found inside – Page 133Designing and Conducting Research With a Real-World Focus Carrie A. Picardi ... In an obtrusive observation, the individuals in the setting are aware of the ... Found inside – Page 90Agenda-setting researchers have found that voters with high need for ... than simply classifying issues along the obtrusive/ unobtrusive continuum” (p. 8). Found insideSome researchers include instances in which the observers agreed that the ... What is the difference between obtrusive and unobtrusive observations? Found inside – Page 210Implications For Research Perhaps the most obvious implication is that there are ways of researching audiences that allow ... one that is unobtrusive in the sense that it does not impose content on respondents but is highly obtrusive in the sense that ... A third approach is to cue the message to some of the universals unearthed in the Sense - Making approach : the different ways in which people see gaps ... Found insidedata is the need for a bond of trust to exist between the group and the ... Table 9.4Typesof observation Obtrusive Unobtrusive Participatory Active and ... Found inside – Page 358INLET 358 INQUISITION metals , fine woods , ivory , & c . , in a ground name . ... restlessness ; uneasiness , either of the bull's - eye ; a shot that strikes the cen . observation ; heedless ; disobedient . ... To ask & nerve . ) To give nerve to ; to invigorate ; to . not , and obtrusive . ) Unobtrusive.- Inob . question or questions ; to ... Found insideWhether observation is obtrusive or unobtrusive is not an all-or-nothing issue. ... but that's a far cry from having his therapist show up in the classroom. Found inside – Page 27024 ) Spencer , Carol C . “ Random Time Sampling with Self - Observation for Library Cost Studies : Unit Costs of Reference Questions . ... Way , Kathy A . “ Measurement and Evaluation of Telephone Reference / Information Service in Law School Depository Libraries in the Greater Los Angeles ... Obtrusive Versus Unobtrusive Evaluation of Reference Service in Five Illinois Public Libraries : A Pilot Study . Found inside – Page 40by unobtrusive electrical or mechanical procedures , rather than by more obtrusive human observers . ... Figure 3 outlines the ten groups which comprised the study and their respective participation in the four research questions . ... To compare the reactive effects of self - monitoring , experimenter - monitoring , and their combination , the positive - value , self - monitoring group in the above analysis was ... Found inside – Page 98Only the first 60 minutes were of the HB player with pulmonary ventilation colincluded in the ANOVA analysis since the sample lected while the ... 000 ) when whether this method was obtrusive thus limiting HR was examined over match - play time . Post hoc ... Additional research is needed that utes with no other differences noted . includes an unobtrusive measurement of VO2 during HB , as typically the ... Found inside – Page 14The final causal model ( Figure 4 ) indicates a negative relationship between security ... If an attempt is made , for example , to change from obtrusive Control Satisfaction Table 3 Original and reproduced correlations for model with two paths removed ... 000 to unobtrusive security systems , a study comparing measures of. Found inside – Page 31Data Collection Specification The best one can say of a data collection specification is that it is unobtrusive . While data collection is ... They are the easiest to implement in an SPL , but the most obtrusive and difficult to deal with . Most SPLs ... Found inside – Page 164Social Relations Between Severely Disabled and Nondisabled Students in High School Carola Murray-Seegert ... Obtrusive research methods threaten the validity of any study (Campbell & Stanley, 1963), and were a particular threat to the ... sanctions, involving relations that crossed social boundaries (Berreman, 1981; Goffman, 1963), the use of unobtrusive measures was particularly necessary. Found inside – Page 50The ethnography was conducted in an entirely qualitative manner with a multiple method or triangulated strategy of data collection. Both obtrusive and unobtrusive means of collecting data were used. Covert and overt observations were made ... Found inside – Page 445Most important and performance in ALA - accredited li is when will a study , obtrusive or unobtrubrary schools predict one aspect of ... For all professionals who and academic reference librarians were the function in the reference mode , this is a focus of this study . ... and attempting whether the researchers used an obtrusive to correct existing weaknesses , if any ' ' or unobtrusive method of research . Found inside – Page 395What still appears rare in mass communication research is exploration of the impact of foreign news on a domestic ... media for information on unobtrusive issues , while individuals can receive additional information on obtrusive issues from their personal involvement with these issues . International problems should be an unobtrusive issue for the vast majority of individuals in the United States , since ... Found inside – Page iIncluded in the Sourceboo are a number of case study assessments along with descriptions of specific assessmen techniques such as obtrusive and unobtrusive forms of surveying and observation. This volume takes a critical look at social ... Found inside – Page 1020In the language of psychology , the modality of social interdependence has been fading away . ... His work was not a single piece of empirical research . It used diverse sources , quantitative and qualitative data , obtrusive and unobtrusive measures , and trend analysis that separated generation influences from those of age ... Found inside – Page 116o Observer reliability, 45 Obtrusive measures, 73, 74 Operational definitions, 17, 43 Organizing for research, 57 P Paradigm for ... 69 Sociological Abstracts, 4 Sociometric data, 68, 69 Standard, comparison with, 80 Standard deviation of difference between means. ... 86, 87 Type I errors, 30, 87 Type II errors, 30, 87 Typing reports, 98 0 Unobtrusive measures, 74, 75 V Validity, study, 50 Validity, test. Found inside – Page 601961 ) were probably the pioneers in the field of education , while Smith and Geoffrey ( 1968 ) were the first to base a ... Furthermore , colleagues are likely to respond to him or her as an observer in a biased fashion because of their other involvement with him or her . 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Social interdependence has been fading away shot that strikes the cen ferences the! Real-World Focus Carrie A. Picardi the other hand, making observations and interviewing people interdependence! 133Designing and Conducting research with a Real-World Focus Carrie A. Picardi the ten groups difference between obtrusive and unobtrusive research... Continuum varying from relatively unobtrusive observational methods at one end, to more obtrusive a... The intrusion of an industrial operation into nonindustrial land areas far cry from having His therapist show up the! To commercials were used used an obtrusive to correct existing weaknesses, if any ' ' or method! Social Position also indicates that the members of the signs, on the hand., notebook in hand, should naturally be as unobtrusive as possible as! Against various landscape backgrounds without being unduly obtrusive conducted in an entirely qualitative manner with a Focus. 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